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#स्वक्ष भारत अभियान को शहर में पूरा करने हेतु कृपया ध्यान दें......

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    शहर अथवा गाँव के बाजार में किराये-दारी पर दुकान करने वाले लोगों मे से लगभग 75%प्रतिशत दुकानदारों को मकान मालिक ने शौचालय उपलब्ध नहीं करवाया है, क्या कोई कानून है जिसमे किराया पर दूकान वही दे सकता जो किराये -दारों को पानी और शौचालय
की सुबिधा सुनिश्चित करे ,सुबिधा न होने और सरकार द्वारा सुलभ शौचालय की सुबिधा तो केवल शहर में आगंतुक यात्री के लिए ही किसी तरह हो पाती है या उसमे भी कम पड़ जाता है ,मेरा ये सरकार से निवेदन है कि जितने भी मकान मालिक अपनी दुकान किराए पर दिए हैं दुकान से पैसा कमा रहे हैं ,वो किरायेदारों को पानी और शौचालय जरुर उपलब्ध कराएँ ताकि दुकानदारों को खुले में शौच न करना पड़े ।

नगर निगम से सर्वे करवाएं ताकि गन्दगी फैलने पर रोक लगे ,उन्हें प्रोत्साहित करें कानून के मुताबिक दण्डित भी करें ।

इस सुबिधा से वंचित सभी दुकानदार आपको आशीर्वाद देंगे ।

धन्यवाद ।

Vitiligo

Vitiligo

Vitiligo Treatment - Overview
Vitiligo is a common condition in which the skin loses the
pigment that determines its color. Also commonly known as
Leucoderma (leuco = white and derma = skin), this condition
is characterized by irregular pale or milky white patches on
the skin.
Vitiligo is one of those conditions that have more of a social
significance than medical. Although it affects people of all
races, the symptoms are often more prominently seen in
people with a darker complexion. This condition has been the
cause of stress for millions of affected people worldwide as
well as their near and dear ones.
Our experience of successfully treating more than 45,000
cases of skin enables us to ensure you of a safe and
scientific solution for an effective Vitiligo treatment. So, go
ahead and experience a lasting solution that comes to you
without side effects.
What is Vitiligo?
Before we get to understand about the loss of color from the
skin in Vitiligo, let us first see how the skin gets its normal
color. A pigment called melanin imparts the skin (as well as
hair) the native color. This pigment is produced in cells
called 'melanocytes'. When the melanocytes die or are unable
to function, it results in loss of melanin causing color-less,
white patches on the skin.
Vitiligo is a chronic disorder and tends to run a variable and
often unpredictable course. It affects up to 2% of the
population globally and the incidence is almost double this (3
to 4%) in India and Mexico. People of different races,
religions, ethnic groups, socio-economic groups and with
different dietary habits are affected by this condition.
Vitiligo affects males and females equally and it is commonly
seen in children as well. The incidence is higher in children
whose both parents are affected by Vitiligo. By and large,
people who develop it are between 10 to 30 years of age and
most of those who develop this, do so before 40 years of
age.
The goal of most treatment options available today is largely
to stop or slow down the progression of pigment loss and to
attempt the re-pigmentation in affected areas.
Vitiligo Causes
The underlying mechanism which causes Vitiligo is loss of
melanin. This occurs due to destruction of existing
melanocytes and defective formation of new melanocytes.
However, the precise reason for white spot on skin that is
loss of melanin and what causes the destruction of these
pigment-forming cells is not completely understood.
A combination of auto-immune, genetic and environmental
factors has been seen as Vitiligo causes, in most cases.
Recent studies have demonstrated that Vitiligo may also be
caused by stress which affects the immune system, leading
the body to react and mistakenly destroy the melanocytes by
releasing antibodies against them.
Heredity has been strongly proposed as one of the Vitiligo
cause, since many cases with Vitiligo do report incidence of
this condition (or other auto-immune disorders) in their
family. Research has also shown the NALP1 gene to be the
trigger in predisposing people to Vitiligo.
Additionally, Vitiligo is said to be associated with (and
affecting people with) certain auto-immune and inflammatory
diseases such as:
Hypothyroidism - Under -functioning of thyroid gland
Hyperthyroidism - Over -functioning of thyroid gland
Diabetes mellitus
Addison's disease
Alopecia areata
Psoriasis
Pernicious anemia
Possible things that can trigger Vitiligo in an individual who
is genetically prone include:
Skin trauma
Sun burn
Emotional stress
Skin rash
Exposure to de-pigmenting chemicals - the disease can
later spread beyond areas of contact via immune-mediated
mechanism. Phenolic/catecholic derivatives are the prime
chemicals causing this.
All said and done, the exact reason why Vitiligo affects some
people and not others, and that too with such
unpredictability, still remains unexplored!
Vitiligo Symptoms
As one of the key Vitiligo symptom, a sudden onset is seen
in most cases where the patient notices a single, few or
many milky white patches of irregular shapes and sizes on
the skin. Small areas of de-pigmentation gradually start
spreading to involve larger areas of the body. The patches
appear more prominent in dark-skinned people and can be
quite disfiguring at times.
As far as the progress and reasons for white spot on skin are
concerned, it is highly unpredictable. Some cases experience
an extremely fast advancement with quick involvement of
large areas of the body whereas in some cases there may be
few small patches that don't change much with time. The
active phase of development of new patches can be followed
by a phase where there are no new patches.
The affected areas retain the normal sensitivity to touch and
pain; however sun-sensitivity is seen to be increased in
many cases. Other Vitiligo symptom may be that the hair
over the affected parts, such as skin, scalp, beard, eyebrows,
eyelashes, etc. may also lose colour.
Over a period of time, some of the Vitiligo patches may re-
pigment by themselves.
The patches of Vitiligo can affect any part of the body
though sun-exposed regions, body folds (e.g. groins,
armpits), areas around body orifices or sites of previous
injury are commonly affected. Following are some of the
common patterns of body affection seen in Vitiligo patients:
Focal: The patches are limited to particular areas of the
body
Segmental: The distribution of the patches is usually
asymmetrical affecting one side of body
Symmetrical: Bilaterally symmetrical patches over the body
Generalized: Widespread patches spread all over the body
Over Bony Prominences: The skin near the joints is affected
by the patches
Lip-tip Vitiligo: Vitiligo that is limited to the lips, tips of
the fingers and toes, fingertips
Genital Vitiligo : The private parts of the body are affected
Diagnosis
The look of Vitiligo is typical enough to diagnose it on the
first look. In addition, your medical and family history will
enable your physician to make sure of his diagnosis.
However, certain tests may be conducted to confirm the
condition as well as to ascertain the cause if possible:
Biopsy of the affected area can confirm the diagnosis of
Vitiligo
Blood tests may be done:
To check the thyroid functions
To look for the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (that
would point towards auto-immune cause)
To rule out pernicious anemia
Examination of the spots under Wood's lamp can be used
to diagnose and evaluate Vitiligo especially when the
changes are not appreciated with the naked eye.
At Dr. Batra's, we scientifically evaluate each case of Vitiligo
with Wood's lamp and effectively use it for the following:
To accurately diagnose Vitiligo
To rule out fungal infections
To measure extent of the disease
To detect early changes that are not visible to naked eyes
To monitor response to treatment
Psychological Impact
Vitiligo can be socially devastating for afflicted individuals
and it has a significant psychological impact on patients. It
can cause feelings of being shunned by the society or being
singled out due to the disfigurement that is often seen in this
condition. In certain countries like India, these patients often
face discrimination especially at the time of marriage.
Sometimes Vitiligo can even be a ground for divorce if the
patient develops it after marriage.
Vitiligo patients often feel awkwardness in public places and
for some it is even hard to move around without developing
feelings of embarrassment. Long term sufferers are more
prone to fall prey to depression, anxiety and feelings of low
self esteem. Many are constantly on the watch as to how the
opposite person will react to their looks. Thus, it has
significant negative effects on the self-image of a person, his
quality of life and self esteem.
For some people, Vitiligo might even be a limitation in
pursuing the career of their choice or marrying the person
they like. Such people must be encouraged to come out of
their shells and to lead a healthy life that does not give too
much significance to looks. They must be explained the
significance of pursuing whatever they want in life with full
confidence because suffering from Vitiligo does not change
the kind of personality they have. Regular counseling may be
required for those few who do not improve in spite of all
these steps.
Homeopathic treatment
Recent studies conducted in University of Toronto and
published in the BioMed Central journal of Dermatology have
clearly demonstrated evidence of benefits of orally taken
Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of Vitiligo. This is a known
homeopathic drug and besides some others drugs, it has
been successfully used in the treatment of Vitiligo.
In another clinical study conducted by the AKP Homoeopathic
Clinical Center, 259 Vitiligo patients had improved out of 629
patients included in the study and 42 Leucoderma patients
had benefited out of 97 patients. Thus research has also
demonstrated the effectivity of Homeopathy in a difficult
condition such as Vitiligo.
We have the expertise of treating more than 45,000 skin
cases successfully over last 50 years and we can ensure you
of a safe and scientific solution for your Vitiligo. The
treatment is primarily aimed at stopping or slowing down the
further destruction of melanocytes and stimulating the re-
pigmentation in the existing patches. Our team of expert
homeopaths, dermatologists and nutritionists work in unison
to ensure the best for every case we treat.
The scope of homeopathic treatment extends beyond the
physical symptoms and the approach is more holistic in
nature. It also addresses the underlying stress and depression
that is often seen in many cases. Thus, the treatment goes a
step further and works towards re-integrating the patient into
normal life.
Prognosis with Homeopathic treatment depends on certain
criteria such as the location, duration, extent of spread and
the disease activity. It also depends on the general health of
the patients and the presence of other systemic illnesses
such as thyroid disorders, auto-immune diseases, etc. Vitiligo
over bony prominences, around lips, on tips of fingers and
toes and generalized extensive Vitiligo show slow
improvement. Even after starting the treatment, patient may
notice occurrence of some new spots; however, this is
because it takes some time to control the disease activity and
balance the immune system.
The medicines prescribed are known to be safe without any
adverse effects and the patients are not advised any
particular dietary restriction which is otherwise a common
case with most of the alternative treatments available in the
market.
Additionally, we follow certain international medical protocols
set by our dermatologists to monitor the improvement of the
Vitiligo patients:
Appearance of the Trichome sign (pale pink color
development in the patches)
Re-pigmentation around the follicles
Concavity of the borders of the affected patch
Apart from all this, our qualified and experienced nutritionists
formulate a personalized diet chart to give the Vitiligo
patients valuable dietary help. Thus treatment is truly holistic
in every sense of the word and is different from the
superficial nature of conventional treatments for Vitiligo.
Brief overview of Conventional treatment options for Vitiligo:
The conventional methods aim at treating Vitiligo by altering
its appearance without addressing the underlying cause. The
treatment varies from the patches being hidden by cosmetic
camouflage solutions to application of cortico-steroidal
creams to phototherapy. Camouflage solutions also include
tattooingof the affected patch. However, it is often difficult to
match the exact color and the patches also tend to spread in
spite of the tattooing.
Phototherapy is another option available but this carries a
risk of causing sun burn as well as skin cancer. Lastly,
surgical procedures are also opted for by many patients and
include grafting of the skin on the affected patches but again
these cannot be performed in extensive and generalized
Vitiligo and carry the risk of scarring apart from its cost
value.
Self Care Tips
Based on our expertise and experience of treating thousands
of cases over the last 50 years, we have seen patients being
helped with certain changes in their diet and lifestyle. These
have been clinically verified by us repeatedly and have a
scientific backing as well. Here are some points that Vitiligo
patients can put to good use:
Exposing the affected areas to early morning sunlight just
after sunrise is known to stimulate pigment forming cells.
However, patients must avoid strong sunlight especially
between 10 am to 4 pm. If necessary to move out during
such hours, patients must opt for a sunscreen with SPF
(Sun Protection Factor) of more than 30.
Regular use of sun screen also guards against sunburn and
long term damage
Use mild soap for bathing and avoid rubbing skin
vigorously after a bath (friction can trigger new patches)
Wear clothing that adequately covers the skin (e.g. full
sleeved shirt) - this protects the skin from any kind of
external trauma
Avoid direct contact with deodorants, perfumes - spray on
clothes rather than directly on skin
Avoid mental stress - take effective steps to identify and
tackle with stress, if it exists
Diet rich in copper is suggested for Vitiligo patients since
scientific studies have shown low serum copper levels in
patients suffering from Vitiligo. Green leafy vegetables and
sesame are good sources of copper.
Supplementation with vitamin B12, folic acid and
pantothenic acid has been seen to have beneficial effects
in Vitiligo patients (it has been credited with the formation
of new melanin). Patients should include adequate lentils,
eggs and yogurt in their daily diet for the same.
Facts and Myths
Myth: Vitiligo is contagious.
Fact: It is not contagious and cannot be passed on through
contact. Click here to read about what causes Vitiligo.
Myth: Vitiligo increases after consuming milk and other white
foods.
Fact: It is an auto immune disease which has no direct
relation to food.
Myth: Will my child also get it?
Fact: Researches claim that it does not get carried to the
progeny, however strong hereditary tendencies cannot be
denied.
Myth: Does the disease stop spreading as the treatment
starts?
Fact: It can't be guaranteed as it takes time to build the
immune system and by the time the immune system is built,
few new spots might appear which recover as the treatment
proceeds.
Myth: No new spots come after the stoppage of the
treatment.
Fact: Generally speaking no new spots occur but there are
certain cases of extreme stress or compromised immunity
wherein the spots may recur, however these can be taken
care of and controlled by the treatment.

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+918826611111

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56. रावसाहेब दादाराव दानवे(BJP MH-Jalna)
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मानव संसाधन विकास
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60. वाईएस चौधरी- विज्ञान एवं तकनीकी, पृथ्वी विज्ञान

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खाद्य प्रसंस्‍करण उद्योग
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सामाजिक न्याय एवं अधिकारिता
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घनश्याम दास बिड़ला का 1934 में अपने पुत्र के नाम विश्व प्रसिद्ध पत्र

'घनश्यामदास बिर्ला का पुत्र के नाम पत्र'
एक पिता का अपने पुत्र के नाम एक ऐसा पत्र जो हरएक को जरूर पढ़ना चाहिए -

श्री घनश्यामदास बिर्ला का अपने बेटे के नाम लिखा हुवा पत्र इतिहास के सर्वश्रेष्ठ पत्रों में से एक माना जाता है l विश्व में जो दो सबसे सुप्रसिद्ध और आदर्श पत्र माने गए है उनमें एक है 'अब्राहम लिंकन का पुत्र के शिक्षक के नाम पत्र' और दूसरा है 'घनश्यामदास बिर्ला का पुत्र के नाम पत्र' (कै. घनश्यामदासजी बिड़ला का, अपने पुत्र श्री बसंत कुमार बिड़ला के नाम 1934 में लिखित एक अत्यंत प्रेरक पत्र )l –

चि. बसंत.....

यह जो लिखता हूँ उसे बड़े होकर और बूढ़े होकर भी पढ़ना, अपने अनुभव की बात कहता हूँ। संसार में मनुष्य जन्म दुर्लभ है और मनुष्य जन्म पाकर जिसने शरीर का दुरुपयोग किया, वह पशु है। तुम्हारे पास धन है, तन्दुरुस्ती है, अच्छे साधन हैं, उनको सेवा के लिए उपयोग किया, तब तो साधन सफल है अन्यथा वे शैतान के औजार हैं। तुम इन बातों को ध्यान में रखना।

धन का मौज-शौक में कभी उपयोग न करना, ऐसा नहीं की धन सदा रहेगा ही, इसलिए जितने दिन पास में है उसका उपयोग सेवा के लिए करो, अपने ऊपर कम से कम खर्च करो, बाकी जनकल्याण और दुखियों का दुख दूर करने में व्यय करो। धन शक्ति है, इस शक्ति के नशे में किसी के साथ अन्याय हो जाना संभव है, इसका ध्यान रखो की अपने धन के उपयोग से किसी पर अन्याय ना हो। अपनी संतान के लिए भी यही उपदेश छोड़कर जाओ। यदि बच्चे मौज-शौक, ऐश-आराम वाले होंगे तो पाप करेंगे और हमारे व्यापार को चौपट करेंगे। ऐसे नालायकों को धन कभी न देना, उनके हाथ में जाये उससे पहले ही जनकल्याण के किसी काम में लगा देना या गरीबों में बाँट देना। तुम उसे अपने मन के अंधेपन से संतान के मोह में स्वार्थ के लिए उपयोग नहीं कर सकते। हम भाइयों ने अपार मेहनत से व्यापार को बढ़ाया है तो यह समझकर कि वे लोग धन का सदुपयोग करेंगे l

भगवान को कभी न भूलना, वह अच्छी बुद्धि देता है, इन्द्रियों पर काबू रखना, वरना यह तुम्हें डुबो देगी। नित्य नियम से व्यायाम-योग करना। स्वास्थ्य ही सबसे बड़ी सम्पदा है। स्वास्थ्य से कार्य में कुशलता आती है, कुशलता से कार्यसिद्धि और कार्यसिद्धि से समृद्धि आती है l सुख-समृद्धि के लिए स्वास्थ्य ही पहली शर्त है l मैंने देखा है की स्वास्थ्य सम्पदा से रहित होनेपर करोड़ों-अरबों के स्वामी भी कैसे दीन-हीन बनकर रह जाते हैं। स्वास्थ्य के अभाव में सुख-साधनों का कोई मूल्य नहीं। इस सम्पदा की रक्षा हर उपाय से करना। भोजन को दवा समझकर खाना। स्वाद के वश होकर खाते मत रहना। जीने के लिए खाना हैं, न कि खाने के लिए जीना हैं।

- घनश्यामदास बिड़ला

Mind rubrics in kent repertory with Hindi Explanation

3. ABRUPT, rough अचानक, रूखा - यह आदमी अचानक ही कुछ बोल पड़ता है ।
4. ABSENT MINDEDजिसका मन ध्यान वहाँ नहीं है जहाँ होना चाहिए । शरीर उपस्थित पर मन अनुपस्थित ।
5. ABSORBEDअपने विचारों में डूबा हुआ / खोया हुआ ।

6. ABSORBED, alternating with frivolity कभी गंभीरता से विचार मग्न और कभी फूहड़ ।

7. ABSORBED , as to what would become of him गहरी सोच में डूबा हुआ है मानो सोच रहा हो कि उसका क्या होने वाला है । अपने भविष्य के प्रति शंकित रहता है ।
8. ABSTRACTION of mindकिसी विषय पर गहराई से सोचते समय मन किसी दूसरे विषय पर सोचने लगता है ।
9. ABUSIVEगाली देना , अनुचित व्यवहार करने वाला ।
10. ACTIVITY desires, fruitlessबिना किसी उद्देश्य के कुछ करते रहना ।
11. ADMONITION aggडाँटने / समझाने का उल्टा प्रभाव पड़ना , उपदेश से /सलाह से बिगड़ना ।
12. AFFECTATIONप्रभाव बनाने के लिए बढा चढा कर पेश करना । अपनी योग्यता पदवी , सामाजिक / राजनीतिक /आर्थिक स्थिति का झूठा दिखावा करना ।
13. AFFECTIONATEबहुत प्यारा , स्नेह से भरपूर । ऐसा व्यक्ति जो अपने व्यवहार और स्नेह से हर किसी का चहेता बन जाता है और दूसरे बरबस ही उसकी तरफ आकर्षित हो जाते हैं ।
14. AMUSEMENT ,averse toमन लुभाने वाले खेल या काम में रूचि नहीं । मनोरंजन का साधन अच्छा नहीं लगता ।
15. AMUSEMENT, desire forकिसी भी तरह के मनोरंजन की इच्छा रखना ।
16. ANGER, absent persons while thinking of them, atअनुपस्थित व्यक्ति पर गुस्सा ।
17. ANGER , interruption fromरूकावट से,कार्य बाधित होने से गुस्सा ।
18. ANGER, touched whenमानसिक /शारीरिक स्पर्श से , छूने से गुस्सा । किसी के व्यवहार से मन को ठेंस पहुँचना ।
19. ANGER object are not in their proper placeचीजें जहाँ उनका स्थान है वहाँ नहीं रहने पर गुस्सा होना ।
20. ANGER refused ; when things he wants areजिन चीजों की उसे जरूरत है उसे मना करने पर गुस्सा होना ।
21. ANGER spoken to whenबात करते समय गुस्सा हो जाना ।
22. ANSWERING,monosyllables,inएक दो शब्दों में उत्तर देना ।
23. ANSWERING , repeats the question firstजवाब देने से पहले वह प्रश्न को स्वयं दोहराता है ।
24. ANXIETYकिसी अनिश्चित भय से चिंता , व्याकुलता , क्या होगा ? कैसे होगा ?
25. ANXIETY alternating with indifferenceकभी बहुत चिंता और कभी कोई मतलव ही नहीं ।
26. ANXIETY business aboutअपने काम काज की चिंता ।
27. ANXIETY children about hisअपने बच्चों की चिंता ।
28. ANXIETY expected of him , when anything is जब किसी चीज के लिए उससे लोगों ने उम्मीदें लगा रखी हैं तो पता नहीं वह पूरा कर पाएगा या नहीं , इसलिए वह चिंतित रहता है।
29. ANXIETY others forदूसरों की चिंता करना ।
30. ANXIETY , pains ,from theदर्द के कारण चिंतित होना ।
31. AVARICEअपनी वस्तु दूसरों को नहीं दे पाना परंतु दूसरों से पाने की आशा करना ।
32. ASKING for nothingकुछ नहीं माँगता है ।
33. AGORAPHOBIAभीडसेडर
34. AIR CASTLESहवाईकिलेबनाना
35. AMBITION LOSS OF महत्वकाक्षांकीकमी
36. AMOROUS कामुक , प्रणवसंबधी
37. ANGUISHमानसिकवेदना
38. ANNOYANCE खीझ , झुझँलाहट
39. ANIMATIONउत्साह
40. ANTAGONISM WITH HERSELFस्वयँकीविरोधी
41. ANTHROPHOBIAमानवसमाजसेभय फ़
42. ANTICS PLAYSअदभुदहरकतेकरनायाखेलना

Mental Rubrics in kent Repertory

• 1. Mind Rubrics in Kent RepertorywithHindi ExplanationTranslated by Dr ManojJha& Dr PrabhatTandonComplied by Dr PrabhatTandon
• 2. Sourceof MENTAL rubrics fromKent RepertoryRadar synthesis 9Murphy Repertory
• 3. ABRUPT, rough अचानक, रूखा - यह आदमी अचानक ही कुछ बोल पड़ता है ।
• 4. ABSENT MINDEDजिसका मन ध्यान वहाँ नहीं है जहाँ होना चाहिए । शरीर उपस्थित पर मन अनुपस्थित ।
• 5. ABSORBEDअपने विचारों में डूबा हुआ / खोया हुआ ।
• 6. ABSORBED, alternating with frivolity कभी गंभीरता से विचार मग्न और कभी फूहड़ ।
• 7. ABSORBED , as to what would become of him गहरी सोच में डूबा हुआ है मानो सोच रहा हो कि उसका क्या होने वाला है । अपने भविष्य के प्रति शंकित रहता है ।
• 8. ABSTRACTION of mindकिसी विषय पर गहराई से सोचते समय मन किसी दूसरे विषय पर सोचने लगता है ।
• 9. ABUSIVEगाली देना , अनुचित व्यवहार करने वाला ।
• 10. ACTIVITY desires, fruitlessबिना किसी उद्देश्य के कुछ करते रहना ।
• 11. ADMONITION aggडाँटने / समझाने का उल्टा प्रभाव पड़ना , उपदेश से /सलाह से बिगड़ना ।
• 12. AFFECTATIONप्रभाव बनाने के लिए बढा चढा कर पेश करना । अपनी योग्यता पदवी , सामाजिक / राजनीतिक /आर्थिक स्थिति का झूठा दिखावा करना ।
• 13. AFFECTIONATEबहुत प्यारा , स्नेह से भरपूर । ऐसा व्यक्ति जो अपने व्यवहार और स्नेह से हर किसी का चहेता बन जाता है और दूसरे बरबस ही उसकी तरफ आकर्षित हो जाते हैं ।
• 14. AMUSEMENT ,averse toमन लुभाने वाले खेल या काम में रूचि नहीं । मनोरंजन का साधन अच्छा नहीं लगता ।
• 15. AMUSEMENT, desire forकिसी भी तरह के मनोरंजन की इच्छा रखना ।
• 16. ANGER, absent persons while thinking of them, atअनुपस्थित व्यक्ति पर गुस्सा ।
• 17. ANGER , interruption fromरूकावट से,कार्य बाधित होने से गुस्सा ।
• 18. ANGER, touched whenमानसिक /शारीरिक स्पर्श से , छूने से गुस्सा । किसी के व्यवहार से मन को ठेंस पहुँचना ।
• 19. ANGER object are not in their proper placeचीजें जहाँ उनका स्थान है वहाँ नहीं रहने पर गुस्सा होना ।
• 20. ANGER refused ; when things he wants areजिन चीजों की उसे जरूरत है उसे मना करने पर गुस्सा होना ।
• 21. ANGER spoken to whenबात करते समय गुस्सा हो जाना ।
• 22. ANSWERING,monosyllables,inएक दो शब्दों में उत्तर देना ।
• 23. ANSWERING , repeats the question firstजवाब देने से पहले वह प्रश्न को स्वयं दोहराता है ।
• 24. ANXIETYकिसी अनिश्चित भय से चिंता , व्याकुलता , क्या होगा ? कैसे होगा ?
• 25. ANXIETY alternating with indifferenceकभी बहुत चिंता और कभी कोई मतलव ही नहीं ।
• 26. ANXIETY business aboutअपने काम काज की चिंता ।
• 27. ANXIETY children about hisअपने बच्चों की चिंता ।
• 28. ANXIETY expected of him , when anything is जब किसी चीज के लिए उससे लोगों ने उम्मीदें लगा रखी हैं तो पता नहीं वह पूरा कर पाएगा या नहीं , इसलिए वह चिंतित रहता है।
• 29. ANXIETY others forदूसरों की चिंता करना ।
• 30. ANXIETY , pains ,from theदर्द के कारण चिंतित होना ।
• 31. AVARICEअपनी वस्तु दूसरों को नहीं दे पाना परंतु दूसरों से पाने की आशा करना ।
• 32. ASKING for nothingकुछ नहीं माँगता है ।
• 33. AGORAPHOBIAभीडसेडर
• 34. AIR CASTLESहवाईकिलेबनाना
• 35. AMBITION LOSS OF महत्वकाक्षांकीकमी
• 36. AMOROUS कामुक , प्रणवसंबधी
• 37. ANGUISHमानसिकवेदना
• 38. ANNOYANCE खीझ , झुझँलाहट
• 39. ANIMATIONउत्साह
• 40. ANTAGONISM WITH HERSELFस्वयँकीविरोधी
• 41. ANTHROPHOBIAमानवसमाजसेभय फ़
• 42. ANTICS PLAYSअदभुदहरकतेकरनायाखेलना

Fibroadenomas

General Description:

Fibroadenomas are the most common benign tumors of the female breast. They develop at any age but are more common in young women, often teenagers, and are mistaken for cancer.

It is a benign breast growth (Pseudopsora/ Sycosis) that most commonly presents in teenage girls and women under the age of thirty. The presence of a fibroadenoma mass in a breast often causes women anxiety (Psora/ Pseudopsora) and concern, partly because people associate any type of breast lump with cancer. Fibroadenoma carries a very slight menace for future breast cancer, but the majority of fibroadenoma are benign breast growths. They may be excised but frequent recurrence is common.

The fibroadenoma is the most common circumscribed benign solid tumor (Pseudopsora/ Sycosis) of the breast. As its name implies, it is composed of fibrous and adenomatous elements. A rarer variation is the fibroadenolipoma, which is an encapsulated lesion (Pseudopsora) that may represent a hamartoma (Pseudopsora/ Sycosis) and contains, as the name implies, fat, fibrous, and adenomatous tissue elements. The fibroadenoma is hormonally sensitive (Psora) and is more common in the young female. Beginning in the teenage years fibroadenomas are the most commonly biopsied solid lesion (Sycosis) of the breast, and this remains true through the mid 30s. As solid lesions they cannot be distinguished from well-circumscribed malignancy by either physical examination or imaging methods. Fibroadenomas are found frequently in postmenopausal women as well, but because of their hormone sensitivity they usually involute and become hyalinized. In some women this results in calcification (Psora), and these calcifications are among the most distinctive mammographically. Fibroadenomas do not become malignant, but frequently can grow to enormous size (giant fibroadenoma), and a potentially malignant cystosarcoma phylloides (Cancerous) cannot be distinguished from a fibroadenoma except that it usually grows very rapidly.

Incidence

Nearly 90% of breast masses in women are the result of benign lesions and are usually fibroadenoma in women in their 20s or 30s.

Symptoms of Fibroadenoma

A fibroadenoma tends to be sphere shaped, with a smoother surface (Sycosis) than most malignant breast cancers (Cancerous). While malignant tumors tend to be immobile (Sycosis), fibroadenoma growths move (Pseudopsora) easily within the breast.

Fibroadenoma growths are usually painless (Sycosis), but size and location of the growth can cause breast tenderness or pain (Psora/ Pseudopsora). A fibroadenoma feels slightly malleable or rubbery to the touch (Pseudopsora) when examined. While younger women tend to have clearly defined fibroadenoma growths, older women may present with breast calcification (Psora) rather than masses.

These are usually isolated breast masses. In ten to fifteen percent of cases multiple fibroadenomas may occur, and may be present in both breasts.

Clinical Signs

• Palpable mass for young women, feels like small, slipper marbles. (Psora/ Pseudopsora)
• Mammographic density for older women.
• Mass is more circumscribed and mobile than carcinoma. (Psora/ Pseudopsora)

Causes of Fibroadenoma

Estrogen sensitivity (Psora) is thought to play a role in fibroadenoma growth. Some tumors may increase in size towards the end of the menstruation or during pregnancy (Sycosis).

After menopause, many fibroadenomas spontaneously shrink due to lower estrogen levels (Psora/ Syphilis). Hormone therapy for postmenopausal women may prevent fibroadenomas from shrinking.

Types of Fibroadenoma

All fibroadenoma are composed of glandular cells and fibroconnective, or stromal, cells. The majority of fibroadenoma do not grow larger than one to three centimeters, but some may grow to over five centimeters, in length.

These unusually divided into two subcategories:

• Giant Fibroadenoma- large growths.
• Juvenile fibroadenomas- in teenagers are often referred to as juvenile fibroadenomas.

Pathophysiology -

Exact cause is unknown. It may possibly due to increased fat consumption (Psora).

• Composed of both fibrous and glandular tissue (Pseudopsora/ Sycosis).
• More frequent occurrence in upper outer quadrant of breast.
• Can grow as a spherical nodule to a size from <1cm to 10-15cms. (Pseudopsora)
• Fibroadenomas are hormonally responsive - increases in size may occur during late phases of the menstrual cycle (Psora)

Histopathology -

• Well presence of both basement membrane and myoepithelial cells.
• Composed of 2 parts:
• Delicate cellular fibroblastic stroma resembling stroma of intralobular tissue
• Glandular/cystic spaces lined by epithelium and enclosed by stromal component.

Diagnosis of Fibroadenoma

• Physical examination.
• Mammogram.
• Breast ultrasound.
• Biopsy.
• Fine needle aspiration cytology.

While biopsy is the only sure way to confirm fibroadenoma, young women in their teens to mid twenties may not require a biopsy if the lump meets all the requirements for a characteristic fibroadenoma mass.

Surgical Treatment of Fibroadenoma

As benign growths, fibroadenomas are not always removed from the breast. Instead, the mass is left and carefully monitored for changes in shape and size. Whether fibroadenomas are removed depends on a number of physical and psychological factors. Viz.

• Tumor size- If tumor size or location causes pain or discomfort, then the fibroadenoma may be removed.
• Patient concerns and anxieties- If a woman is uneasy with the idea of a breast mass remaining untreated, the fibroadenoma may be removed to alleviate her anxiety.

A fibroadenoma may be removed under local anesthetic, either through surgery or through the use of a fine needle. If a biopsy is required to rule out malignancy, the entire fibroadenoma may be removed.

Complications of Fibroadenoma

• Women with fibroadenoma have a slightly higher risk of breast but not by a significant amount.
• Very rarely, cancerous cells are found in fibroadenoma biopsy samples, but almost all fibroadenoma are benign.
• Complications from fibroadenomas are not uncommon. Biopsies and fibroadenoma removal, like all surgical procedures, carry the risk of bleeding, scarring, and post-operative infection.
• After a fibroadenoma is removed, its recurrence is quite common.
• Homoeopathic Treatment of Fibroadenoma
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• Calcarea carbonica

Breasts are hot and swollen. Chronic cystic mastitis. Blunt duct adenosis; best remedy for fibroadenoma. Lump in breast is hard, nodular and tender to touch in the beginning. Then the pains are reduced and the lump turns to be hard due to calcification. Calcarea acts best when the tumours are calcified. These breasts are swollen and tender before menses. Deficient lactation. The breasts are distended in lymphatic women. Patient complains of profuse sweating around the genitalia with dirty smell . Inflammatory condition of the breast. With breast condition patient has the mental symptoms due to sufferings. Patient is anxious, tired and weak, both mentally and physically.

Calcarea fluorica

This remedy is indicated in the fibroadenoma of the breast. Lump in the breast which is hard, movable with clear margins which are sharp in nature, or their edges are sharply defined. Most commonly they are solitary, very rarely multiple. Occurs in young patients usually unmarried. Nodules are in upper right quadrants. The patient is sad and depressed due to financial condition. Confused due to melancholic condition of mind. Patient is chilly, and she is very sensitive to cold air, cold wind and cold atmosphere in general. Genitals are sore. Urine is copious and offensive. Pain at the tip of the urethra while urinating and after the act. Pain in back extending to sacrum.

Conium maculatum

Mammary glands are hard and sore. A typical carcinoma of the breast, that is, scirrhous adenocarcinoma, which begins in the ducts and ends in the parenchyma. As the stage advances the Cooper's ligament shortens and thus it produces the notch. Sometimes the condition is associated with the inflammation of the breast tissue. The region is hard and nodular, tender to touch. Burning and stinging pains in the breast. The skin over the tumour is adherent. Occasionally there is discharge of pus from the nipple. The lesion is hard, almost cartilaginous. The edges are distinct, serrated and irregular; associated with productive fibrosis.

Baryta carbonica

Inflammation, induration and enlargement are the fundamental pathogeneses of this drug. The mammary gland is enlarged and there is a lump, which is hard. There is very sensitive to touch. The glands which are enlarged are tender with infiltration. The women of late twenties are affected. These patients present with hard but not serrated mass with firm rubbery consistency. Their edges are sharply defined. Most commonly the tumours solitary. or occasionally are multiple. They are differentiated from cancer by smooth rather than irregular lobulations. A bloody discharge from nipple is indication of this drug. All the glands of the body are very sensitive to cold and they are worse by taking cold. The skin over the gland becomes ulcerated. It is seen that this remedy works better in Paget's disease of nipple which is supposed to be primary carcinoma of the mammary gland.

Hydrastis Canadensis

These patients have the tendency to indurated glands. Swelling of the mammary glands. Fat necrosis and glandular cell myoblastoma are common in this remedy. Fat necrosis tumour is probably post-traumatic. Patient complains of pain and tenderness. The lesion is fixed to the breast tissue, which sometimes causes dimpling of the overlying skin. Engorged nipples, cracks and discharges of watery fluid or there is serosanguinous discharge. The patient is weak and emaciated, fainting due to improper assimilation or defective assimilation. All-gone sensation or empty feeling in the stomach, not relieved by eating. Chronic catarrhal condition of the membrane of the stomach. Patient is thirstless. Obstinate constipation, colicky and crampy pain in the abdomen. Liver is enlarged and tender.

IodiumThis remedy predominantly acts on the enlargement of the mammary glands which may be either neo-plastic or malignant. The mucous membranes of the glands and the breast tissue are inflamed. The breast tissues are hypertrophied, enlarged, hard and nodular. Emaciation of the patient due to malabsorption. The tumours are well differentiated. They have a discrete capsule. Small lesions present leaf-like intracanalicular protrusions and large lesions have cystic space. Inflammation of the lesions, ulceration occasionally, excoriating and acrid discharge from the nipple or from the lesion. Oedematous swelling of the affected breast.

Lapis albusThe main action of this remedy is on the the glands of mammary region. These glands have the tendency to turn malignant. Remarkable results are observed in scrofulous condition of the glands. Fibroid tumours, intense burning pains in the parts. The tumours have pliability and a kind of softness rather than hardness. The margins are clear. The glands are elasticity, exactly the reverse of Calc. fluorica.